知识的逻辑(2021 秋季) Epistemic Logic
教师:王彦晶, 时间:每周三 7-9节 地点:地学楼110
相关其他课程详情见逻辑语言认知中心的网站:http://logic.pku.edu.cn
News
12月15日第十三次课 (Slides)
相关文献:
12月8日第十二次课 (Slides1, Slides2) 相关文献:
- Chao Xu, Yanjing Wang, Thomas Studer: A Logic of Knowing Why, Synthese 2021
- Hintikka, J., & Halonen, I. (1995). Semantics and Pragmatics for Why-Questions. The Journal of Philosophy, 92(12), 636–657. 看 Hintikka 利用插值定理讨论 question why 的结果
- Artemov, S. (2008). The Logic of Justification. Review of Symbolic Logic.
- Yanjing Wang, Yu Wei, Jeremy Seligman (2021): Quantifier-free epistemic term-modal logic with assignment operator in Annals of Pure and Applied Logic. 用 term modality 和 assignment operator 处理 de re / de dicto 的 reading, AiML 18 会议论文的期刊版
- Michael Cohen, Wen Tang, Yanjing Wang: De Re Updates. TARK 2021: 103-117 assignments 处理de re updates 和 de re knowledge。
- Maria Aloni: Knowing-who in quantified epistemic logic, Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics, Springer 2108
- Maria Aloni. Quantification under Conceptual Covers. PhD thesis University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2001. 用技术方式处理不同的 reading
- Sophia Epstein, Pavel Naumov: Epistemic Logic of Know-Who. AAAI 2021: 11479-11486 一个简单的know who logic 使用Grove 的framework
- Adam J. Grove, Joseph Y. Halpern: Naming and Identity in Epistemic Logics Part I: The Propositional Case. J. Log. Comput. 3(4): 345-378 (1993)
- Fitting, M., Thalmann, L., & Voronkov, A. (2001). Term-modal logics. Studia Logica, 69(1), 133–169.
- Barteld Kooi (2007): Dynamic term modal logic. LORI 2007
- Lars Thalmann (2000): Term-Modal Logic and Quantifier-free Dynamic Logic. PhD Thesis, Uppsala University
- Orlandelli, E., & Corsi, G. (2018). Decidable Term-Modal Logics (pp. 147–162). Springer
- Nicholas Pischke: Dynamic extensions for the logic of knowing why with public announcements of formulas
12月1日第十一次课 (Slides)
相关文献:
- About discussion between intellectualism and anti-intellectualism see this Philpaper page (edited by Bengson)
- Gochet, P.: An open problem in the logic of knowing how. In Hintikka, J., ed.: Open Problems in Epistemology. The Philosophical Society of Finland (2013) 一个早期相关文献的综述加分类
- Ågotnes, T., Goranko, V., Jamroga, W., Wooldridge, M.: Knowledge and ability. In van Ditmarsch, H., Halpern, J., van der Hoek, W., Kooi, B., eds.: Handbook of Epistemic Logic. College Publications (2015) 543–589 ATL 传统的 epistemic logic 的综述
- Yanjing Wang: A logic of goal-directed knowing how, in Synthese 195 (10): 4419–4439 know how逻辑的第一篇文章(基于 LORI15 的会议文章的期刊版)
- Raul Fervari, Andreas Herzig, Yanjun Li, Yanjing Wang: Strategically knowing how. IJCAI 2017: 1031-1038 基于 strategy 的 know how 逻辑
- Yanjun Li, Yanjing Wang: Planning-based knowing how: A unified approach. Artificial Intelligence 296: 103487 (2021) 大一统理论框架
- Yanjun Li, Yanjing Wang: Knowing how to plan. TARK2021: 233-247 用know-how 做higher-order planning
- Yanjun Li, Yanjing Wang: Multi-agent Knowing How via Multi-step Plans: A Dynamic Epistemic Planning Based Approach. LORI 2019: 126-139 用动态的语义做know-how
- Yanjun Li, Yanjing Wang: Achieving While Maintaining: A Logic of Knowing How with Intermediate Constraints. ICLA 2017: 154-167 有中间约束的
- Yanjun Li: Stopping Means Achieving: A Weaker Logic of Knowing How, Studies in Logic 9 (4): 34-54 2016 走哪算哪的
- Yanjun Li: Tableau-Based Decision Procedure for Logic of Knowing-How via Simple Plans. CLAR 2021: 266-283 相关的判定性方法
- Xun Wang: A Logic of Knowing How with Skippable Plans. LORI 2019: 413-424 修复 composition axiom 的文章,停了可以跳过去的
- Yanjun Li: Knowing what to do A logical approach to planning and knowing how. PhD Thesis Groningen University 2017
- Yanjun Li, Barteld Kooi, Yanjing Wang: A dynamic epistemic framework for reasoning about conformant probabilistic plans. Artificial Intelligence 268: 54-84 (2019) 带概率的conformant planning,可用于做带概率的know how
- Tszyuen Lau and Yanjing Wang: Knowing your ability The Philosophical Forum 47(3-4)415-423, Wiley-Blackwell 相关的一些哲学讨论
- Pavel Naumov, Jia Tao: Together We Know How to Achieve: An Epistemic Logic of Know-How. Artificial Intelligence 2017 用 distributed knowledge和coalition logic的思想做多主体单步的know-how,下面都是基于这样的framework
- Pavel Naumov, Jia Tao: Knowing-how under uncertainty. Artificial Intelligence 276: 41-56 (2019)
- Pavel Naumov, Jia Tao: Strategic Coalitions With Perfect Recall. AAAI 2018
- Pavel Naumov, Jia Tao: Coalition Power in Epistemic Transition Systems. AAMAS 2017: 723-731
- Jan Broersen: Making a Start with the stit Logic Analysis of Intentional Action. Journal of Philosophical Logic (2011) 40:499–530
11月24日第十次课 (Slides)
参考文献
- Jan Plaza: Logics of public communications. In Proceedings of the 4th ISMIS Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, pp. 201–216. (1989)
- Xiwen Ma, Weide Guo: W-JS: A modal logic of knowledge in Proceedings of IJCAI83 关于马希文
- H. van Ditmarsch. Comments to ’logics of public communications’. Synthese, 158(2):181– 187, 2007.
- Yanjing Wang, Jie Fan: Knowing that, Knowing what, and Public Communication: Public Announcement Logic with Kv Operators, in Proceedings of IJCAI 2013: 1147-1154. AAAI press.
- Yanjing Wang, Jie Fan: Conditionally knowing what, in Advances in Modal Logic Vol. 10: 569-587 (2014), College Publications
- Tao Gu, Yanjing Wang: “Knowing value” logic as a normal modal logic. in Advances in Modal Logic Vol. 11:362-381, College Publications
- Jan van Eijck, Malvin Gattinger, Yanjing Wang: Knowing Values and Public Inspection. ICLA 2017: 77-90 Springer
- Alexandru Baltag: To know is to know the value of a variable.in Advances in Modal Logic Vol. 11, College Publications
- Yifeng Ding: The axiomatization and complexity of Knowing-What-Logic on model class K, Epistemic Logic with Functional Dependency Operator Studies in Logic
- F. Dechesne, Y. Wang: To know or not to know: epistemic approaches to security protocol verification. Synthese 177(S1): 51-76 (2010), Springer
- Jixin Liu, Yanjing Wang & Yifeng Ding: Weakly Aggregative Modal Logic: Characterization and Interpolation LORI 19 (对角线算子的模型论性质)
- Yifeng Ding, Jixin Liu, Yanjing Wang: Hypergraphs, Local Reasoning, and Weakly Aggregative Modal Logic. LORI 2021: 58-72 (定义在hypergraph和neighborhood model上的逻辑)
11月17日第九次课 (Slides)
延伸阅读:
- Hart, S., Heifetz, A., & Samet, D.: Knowing whether, knowing that, and the cardinality of state spaces. Journal of Economic Theory, 70(1), 249–256. (1996) 关于用 knowing whether 构造不可数多个 knowledge states
- 关于knowledge的状态的基数 的各种讨论,请参见这个slides
- W. van der Hoek and A. Lomuscio: A logic for ignorance. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 85(2)(2):117-133, 2004. 关于无知的逻辑。
- J. Fan, Y. Wang and H. van Ditmarsch: Contingency and knowing whether, in Review of Symbolic Logic 8 (1):75-107 (2015), 我们的文章,里面有和noncontingency logic 过去六十年结果的综述和比较。
- J. Fan, Y. Wang and H. van Ditmarsch: Almost necessary, in Advances in Modal Logic Vol. 10: 178-197 (2014), College Publications 我们提出 NCL 互模拟的文章。
- J. Fan, H. van Ditmarsch: Neighborhood Contingency Logic. in Proceedings of ICLA 2015: 88-99 极小的NCL 逻辑
- 范杰 《非偶然算子的逻辑研究》 博士论文 北京大学 2015 (Logical Studies for Non-contingency Operator PhD thesis of Jie Fan , in Chinese) 其他论文见范杰主页 范杰博士论文里有互模拟的传递性证明。
- Commonly knowing whether的论文。
- M. Aloni, P. Égré, Tikitu de Jager: Knowing whether A or B. Synthese 190(14): 2595-2621 (2013)
- Andreas Herzig 在WoLLiC上关于know whether 和 commonly know whether的特邀报告
- 和Rough set 的关系的论文
- Kit Fine:Ignorance of Ignorance. Synthese 195:4031–4045 (2018) 高阶无知的不可知性
11月10日第八次课 (Slides)
延伸阅读:
- Hintikka, J., Hintikka, M.: Reasoning about knowledge in philosophy: The paradigm of epistemic logic. In: The Logic of Epistemology and the Epistemology of Logic. Volume 200 of Synthese Library. Springer Netherlands (1989) 17–35
- Hintikka, J. (2003). A Second Generation Epistemic Logic and its General Significance. In V. F. Hendricks, K. F. Jørgensen, & S. A. Pedersen (Eds.), Knowledge Contributors (pp. 33–55). Springer. (用 IF logic 的思想处理二阶的量化)
- Yanjing Wang: Beyond knowing that: a new generation of epistemic logic in Jaakko Hintikka on knowledge and game theoretical semantics: 499-533. Springer (See the section about Hintikka’s contributions and the references therein)
- Gochet P, Gribomont P (2006) Epistemic logic. In: Gabbay DM, Woods J (eds) Handbook of the History of Logic, vol 7 早期的有关一阶模态的综述
- Jason Stanley and John W. Krakauer (2013): Motor skill depends on knowledge of facts. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. know-how哲学家与神经科学家合作的工作
11 月 3 日第七次课(Slides)
见 Slides 后的参考文献及以下延伸阅读:
- Yanjing Wang, Yanjun Li (2012): Not all those who wander are lost: dynamic epistemic reasoning in navigation, Advances in Modal Logic vol 9: 559-580
- Yanjun Li, Quan Yu, Yanjing Wang (2018): More for Free: A Dynamic Epistemic Framework for Conformant Planning over Transition Systems in Journal of Logic and Computation: 27(8):2383–2410
- Alexandru Baltag, Lawrence S. Moss, Slawomir Solecki: The Logic of Public Announcements and Common Knowledge and Private Suspicions. TARK 1998: 43-56 引入event model 的文章,也解决了 PAL 带 Common Knowledge 的公理化
- Alexandru Baltag, Lawrence S. Moss: Logics for Epistemic Programs. Synthese 139(2): 165-224 (2004) 上面 “BMS”文章的期刊版,用较严格的方式处理了循环定义的可能性
- Johan van Benthem, Jan van Eijck, and Barteld Kooi (2006). Logics of communication and change. Information and Computation, 204(11):1620–1662. EPDL 上加上 event update,找到相应的规约公理
- 程莹莹:社会网络信息传递模式的知识逻辑建模 北京大学硕士论文
10 月 27 日 第六次课 (Slides)
参考文献见Slides及以下:
- Yanjing Wang, Qinxiang Cao: On axiomatizations of public announcement logic. Synthese 190(S1): 103-134 (2013) 课上讲的两个问题的回答。
- Johan van Benthem, Jelle Gerbrandy, Tomohiro Hoshi, Eric Pacuit: Merging Frameworks for Interaction. Journal of Philosophical Logic 38(5): 491-526 (2009) 用反复更新生成ETL-like森林,刻画其性质。
- Yanjing Wang, Guillaume Aucher: An Alternative Axiomatization of DEL and Its Applications. IJCAI 2013: 1139-1146 不用 reduction 做更一般的 DEL。
- Yanjing Wang: Book Review of Logical Dynamics of Information and Interaction by van Benthem. Studia Logica 102(3): 647-654 (2014) 关于 JvB 书的 guide。
10月20日 第五次课(Slides)
我们介绍了动态转向的基本思想和最基本的公开宣告逻辑的标准系统。
参考文献
10 月 13 日第四次课(Slides)
我们介绍了和知识逻辑相关的一些“兄弟”逻辑以及他们是怎么结合在一起的。
参考文献:
9月28日第三次课(Slides)
我们讨论了基本知识逻辑的一些(哲学上)的问题。
参考文献:
- Wesley Holliday Epistemic Logic and Epistemology, Handbook of Formal Philosophy, Springer 一些知识逻辑和知识论的联系
- Wolfgang Lenzen Epistemic Logic, In: I. Niniiluoto, M. Sintonen & J. Wolenski (eds.), Handbook of Epistemology, Dordrecht (Kluwer), 2004, 963-983. Lenzen 关于自省公理的讨论
- Fitch paradox
- Ignorance of Ignorance by Kit Fine 高阶的无知那些是不可知的
- Robert Stalnaker: On Logics of Knowledge and Belief Philosophical Studies 128(1):169-199 2006 K 和 B 合并的系统
- Denis Bonnay, Paul Égré: Inexact Knowledge with Introspection. Journal of Philosophical Logic 38(2): 179-227 (2009) 要 5 公理但不要传递性的有意思的语义
- J. Halpern, R. Pucella, Dealing with logical omniscience: Expressiveness and pragmatics, Artificial Intelligence, Volume 175(1), 2011, Pages 220-235 关于逻辑全知性问题几种进路的综述和比较
- Yang Liu: Two Tales of Epistemic Models. Thought, 2019 关于模型的内外视角
- Guillaume Aucher: An Internal Version of Epistemic Logic. Studia Logica 94(1): 1-22 (2010) 关于模型的内外视角
- Jon Barwise Three views of common knowledge Proceeding TARK ’88 365-379 (1988) 几种不同的 common knowledge 的定义
- Floris Roelofsen: Distributed knowledge. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 17(2): 255-273 (2007) 如何调和distributed knowledge 的不同定义
- About the KK principle
- Kit Fine: Propositional Quantifier in Modal Logic
- 关于带 Common Knowledge 和 Distributed Knowledge的知识逻辑的完全性可以参考Reasoning about knowledge 一书3.3和 3.4 节
- 关于Alternating bit protocols的讨论请见 Dynamic Epistemic Logic 一书2.2 节的 Example 2.3.
Lecture 2 (9月 22 日,Slides)
课上我们简单回顾了 epistemic logic 发展早期的历史。相关参考文献:
- Ivan Boh Four Phases of Medieval Epistemic Logic, Theoria 66 (2):129-144 (2000)
- R.Aumann Agreeing to Disagree The Annals of Statistics, Vol. 4, No. 6. (1976), pp. 1236-1239 A survey(里面有很直观的例子) of its impacts.
- R.Aumann Interactive epistemology I: Knowledge, International Journal of Game Theory (1999) 28:263-300
- J. McCarthy, M. Sato, T. Hayashi and S. Igarashi: On the Model Theory of Knowledge Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo A1M-312 (1978)
- X. Ma and W. Guo, 1983, W-JS: A modal logic of knowledge Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.pp. 398–401.
- 马希文,“有关‘知道’的逻辑问题的形式化”《哲学研究》,1981年第05卷,第30–38页
- 马希文,郭维德,“W-JS有关‘知道’的模态逻辑”《计算机研究与发展》1982年第12卷,第1–12页
- Tenure 后吃掉自己脑子的海鞘 TED 报告
- IF Logic
- Natural Logic
- Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever,我们的文章
- Modal Syllogisms
- Hintikka Set
- 关于 Hintikka 的逻辑贡献
- 关于濠梁之辩与moore句的文章
- J.Halpern, Y.Moses Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment Journal of the ACM 37(3) pp. 549-587 (1990)
- 除TARK外,其他与知识逻辑相关的系列会议包括: LOFT, LORI, AiML, KR, AAMAS 等
Lecture 1
9月15日第一次课 导言(Slides,课程介绍)
关于“知道”逻辑的中国开拓者北大的马希文教授
请阅读如下博士论文的2-3章关于epistemic logic发展的部分,我们之后会梳理知识逻辑最原初的思想脉络:
Ren-June Wang: Timed Modal Epistemic Logic. PhD thesis, City University of New York (2011)
本课程定位为研究导向的偏技术性逻辑学课程,建议有较好模态逻辑基础的同学选课,欢迎旁听。
大概内容(Contents):
知识逻辑(Epistemic Logic)起源于哲学中对知识概念及其推理的分析,后广泛应用于理论计算机科学、人工智能、以及博弈论等各相关学科中对于知识的刻画和推理。传统的知识逻辑集中处理“知道如是”(knowing that)的逻辑并取得了较为丰富的结果。然而日常生活中的知识陈述除了”知道如是“以外还有很多种,比如“知道如何”(knowing how)、“知道为何”(knowing why)、”知道什么“(knowing what)等等。这些知识的概念和推理规则是否与传统的”知道如是“类似?在逻辑上应该如何刻画?有何有趣的技术问题及解决方案?本课将梳理知识逻辑的哲学及技术发展,特别突出前述非经典知识逻辑的最新技术结果,特别是一阶模态逻辑的一系列可判定的打包片段以及非经典逻辑的知识逻辑翻译。
大概计划(Plan):
Lecture 1 Introduction
Lecture 2 A Brief History
Lecture 3 Classical Problems
Lecture 4 Friends of EL
Lectures 5-7 Dynamics
Lecture 8 Know-wh: Intro
Lecture 9 Know-whether
Lecture 10 Know-what
Lecture 11 Know-how
Lecture 12 Know-why/who
Lecture 13 Bundled fragments of FOML as a new epistemic framework
Lecture 14 Nonclassical logics as epistemic logic
Lecture 15-16 Student presentations
目标(Objectives):
- 知识储备:知道知识逻辑这个领域中的思想基础,主要分支、重要问题和基本结果。
- 逻辑技能:掌握一些非正规的模态逻辑的公理化以及刻画表达力的技术。
- 学术技能:熟练阅读英文文献(精读),能自主发现问题,能熟练使用相关信息化工具收集跟踪文献,能用LaTeX写作合乎规范的学术文章并做学术报告。
- 态度培养:开放且审慎的心态,不盲从迷信权威,不畏惧复杂问题,忍受做研究过程中的挫折感与不确定性,逐渐形成学术品位,遵守学术伦理做真诚的探究。
教学材料(Course material):
以课堂幻灯片及相关文献为主,经典知识逻辑部分的参考书:
- Fagin, R., Halpern J., Moses, Y., and Vardi, M.: Reasoning about knowledge The MIT Press 1995
- van Ditmarsch, H., Halpern, J., van der Hoek, W., and Kooi B., eds: Handbook of Epistemic Logic College Publications 2015
- van Ditmarsch, H., van der Hoek, W., and Kooi, B. (2007): Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Springer
- van Benthem, J. (2011): Logical Dynamics of Information and Interaction
考核(Grading):
大致安排(Plan):
老师讲授+小论文课题讨论及报告
预备知识(Prerequisites):
一阶逻辑基本知识及模态逻辑的模型论、公理化、判定性技术。
Office hours:
办公室:哲学系2号楼139 周四下午4 pm – 6 pm(请提前预约)。
意见、建议或其它问题请发email:y.wang艾特pku.edu.cn